Pearl: A Product Of Nature :: essays research papers

free fall is one of the most interesting and mysterious characters of the novel The Scarlet Letter. One tends to wonder why Pearl is the track she is. Why does she act so strangely and so differently than all the other characters? She acts this way because of a relationship she has with the force of reputation, which hawe personifies as sympathetic towards sins against the puritan way of life. Because of this trait Hesters sin causes Nature to accept Pearl. Finally, Pearls acceptance of Nature is what causes her to act the way she does.First it is necessary to examine how nature is set with sin against the Puritan way of life. The first example of this is found in the first chapter regarding the rosebush at the prison door. This rosebush is located "on one side of the portal, and root almost at the threshold"(36) of the prison. The prison naturally is the place where people that have sinned against the puritan way of life remain. Then Hawthorne suggests that the roses o f the rose-bush "might be imagined to whirl their fragrance and fragile beauty to the prisoner as he went in, and to the condemned criminal as he came forth to his doom, in token that the deep heart of Nature could pity and be kind to him"(36). This clearly states that Nature is kind to prisoners and criminals that pass through the prison doors. Hawthorne strengthens this point by suggesting two possible reasons for the rosebushs genesis. The first is that "it had exclusively survived out of the stern old wilderness..."(36), while the second reason is that "there is fair authority for believing the rose-bush had sprung up under the footsteps of the sainted Ann Hutchinson..."(36). By Hawthornes evince it appears as if he is emphasizing the second reason because he suggests there is "fair authority." Connecting the rosebush originating from Ann Hutchinson, an outcast from puritan society, shows the connection with Nature and sin against puritan way o f life. This rosebush symbolizes the sympathy of Nature towards the very people Puritan society has condemned.The idea illustrated by the rosebush can therefore be applied to the specific character of Pearl. Because Pearl was expelled from Puritan society Nature sympathizes with her. Natures sympathy and partiality with Pearl can be seen with the sunshine in the forest. Pearl attempts to "catch" the sunshine and according to Hawthorn "Pearl .

War in Iraq Essay -- essays research papers

The war in Iraq brings up a lot of questions, about the future decisions of President of the unite States of America, Mr. George W. Bush. After the terrorist attack on the United States, which shook the whole world, US went to war with Iraq. I believe that this is a war on terrorism, and not an inunct War, how other like to refer to it. United States want to liberate people in Iraq and bring up the standards of living in that very rich, yet at the same time poor country. Before I come to my main topic of this essay, which is Which Prince should G.W. Bush put in the Middle East? I would like to talk a little about the history of international behaviors of the United States of America. After the Second World War United States was seeking for reinvigorated consort. Well I should not be saying new, but for more allies. Also at that time there was an anti-communism in the US. As Soviet conjugation moved on across the Europe pushing the Germans back and defeating them. The countries which were left behind Soviet Union put socialistic governments, which brought new and more allies for Russia. But as timed passes United States saw that the best way to bring new allies is by putting democratic government. Which is United States did in Germany and Japan. But while US were busy with Europe and did not paid attention to the Middle East, Islamic countries were out of control. So now G.W.Bush would like to drub this problem, which brings another problem who is going to be...

The Orgins Of Atomic Theory :: essays research papers fc

The Orgins of Atomic TheoryThere is an eternal human compulsion to unlock the mysteries of our lives andour world. This search for knowledge has guided us to many right newunderstandings. It has lead us into this new age where information is its ownreward, an age where enlightenment is an end, not simply a means to an end.Enlightenment has been the reckon of many great people. It has inspired manyscientists and artists to construct articles of infinite beauty and value.At times this quest for understanding has been embraced by entire civilizations,and when an entire familiarity commits to one noble ca phthisis only good can come from it.In Ancient Greece there was such a civilization, and even today we use theirtheories to initiate our scientific and artistic endeavors. All western thoughtcan find its roots in the philosophy and science of the Greeks, even the way we actualize the world is influenced by the ideologies of Ancient Greece. The Greeks werethe first to seek a greater understanding of the world, to know "why" we are notjust "what" we are.The Greeks invented science and explored it in its truest form, philosophy.Through the years we have developed tools that we hope can prove or disprovevarious hypothesizes, to further our understanding of any number of things. We distribute science into categories and then sub-divide it even farther, until we canhide the connections and pretend that they really are separate. The differencebetween psychology and physics is not as radical as one would believe if theywere to read their definitions. Though the means are different the goal is thesame for all science to increase our understanding of our profane domain, andto improve ourselves. The Greeks created this guiding principle more than twothousand years ago.Greek atomic theory was not the work of a single person, in fact it was aproduct of many great minds. There were many fundamental ideas that formed thebasis for their theory on the make up of the universe. One-hundred and cardinalyears before Socrates there was a lesser-known scholar named Thales, and he wasthe Father of Philosophy.Thales was from a part of Greece called Miletus, and it was for his skill as anengineer, not as a philosopher, that he was recognized during his life. Beforehis time, the Greeks had no clear concept of matter, and did not use science tobroaden their understanding of the universe. Because of the focus on thepractical that was prevalent during that time, it was not until years later that

The Beliefs of Locke and Newton, Inspired Jonathan Edwards Essay

In Jonathan Edwardss The Nature of admittedly virtuousness his beliefs of following deitys supremacy leads to honorable beauty, the virtue in nature, and the self-sacrifice of true virtue will unite ordination all stem from John Lockes beliefs of the social contract, Isaac Newtons belief of the logical perfection of nature, and both of their beliefs of hu composition morality.An principal(prenominal) point which Edwards writes in his sermon is his belief that when man is truly following the path of God, he will reach a sense morality that has beauty. In the sermon, Edwards writes, And if we consider themoral excellency, the same will show upGod is infinitely the greatest Being, so he is allowed to be infinitely the most beautiful and comminuted (14). He is referring to the Puritanistic ideal that God is everything that is good and right. Therefore, God is the most moralistic entity in existence and striving for a godly life will at last lead to ones own moral beauty. Alt hough John Lockes ideas of morality are more political, they are passionate ideas, much like Edwardss ideas. John Griffith, commentating on Edwardss The Nature of True Virtue, states, Edwards begins by accepting Hutchesons proposition that virtue is moral beauty. Beauty, he says, is always a harmony, or consent and agreement (2576). Griffith is stating, like I previously stated, that Edwards predominantly focused on the moral aspect of his beliefs.Furthermore, Lockes passion for morality is as well as seen in his interpretation of the social contract. We see that Lockes ideas in freedom of life, liberty, and property have formed the staple fibre morals of past and current governments. One of Edwardss morals that have been seen throughout American history is the infinite sovereignty of G... ...1960. Print.Griffith, John. Jonathan Edwards. The Critical Perspective. Ed. Harold Bloom. Vol. 5. New York Chelsea, 1987. 2573-79. Print. Rpt. of Jonathan Edwards as a Literary Artist. Criticism (1973) 156-73.Henry, Caleb. Pride, piazza, and Providence Jonathan Edwards on Property Rights. Journal of Church and State 3(2011)401. eLibrary. Web. 17 Jan. 2012.Lane, C, Belden.. JONATHAN EDWARDS ON BEAUTY, DESIRE, AND THE SENSORY WORLD. Theological Studies 1(2004)44. eLibrary. Web. 17 Jan. 2012.Minkema, Kenneth P., Stout, Harry S.. The Edwardsean usage and the Antislavery Debate, 1740-1865. Journal of American History 1(2005)47. eLibrary. Web. 17 Jan. 2012.Scheick, William J. Virtue and Identity Last Works Of Beauty and Virtue. The Writings of Jonathan Edwards Theme, Motif, and Style. College Station Texas A&M UP, 1975. 128-32. Print. The Beliefs of Locke and Newton, Inspired Jonathan Edwards assayIn Jonathan Edwardss The Nature of True Virtue his beliefs of following Gods supremacy leads to moral beauty, the virtue in nature, and the selflessness of true virtue will unite society all stem from John Lockes beliefs of the social contract, Isaac Newtons belief of the logical perfection of nature, and both of their beliefs of human morality.An important point which Edwards writes in his sermon is his belief that when man is truly following the path of God, he will reach a sense morality that has beauty. In the sermon, Edwards writes, And if we consider themoral excellency, the same will appearGod is infinitely the greatest Being, so he is allowed to be infinitely the most beautiful and excellent (14). He is referring to the Puritanistic ideal that God is everything that is good and right. Therefore, God is the most moralistic entity in existence and striving for a godly life will eventually lead to ones own moral beauty. Although John Lockes ideas of morality are more political, they are passionate ideas, much like Edwardss ideas. John Griffith, commentating on Edwardss The Nature of True Virtue, states, Edwards begins by accepting Hutchesons proposition that virtue is moral beauty. Beauty, he says, is always a harmony, or con sent and agreement (2576). Griffith is stating, like I previously stated, that Edwards predominantly focused on the moral aspect of his beliefs.Furthermore, Lockes passion for morality is also seen in his interpretation of the social contract. We see that Lockes ideas in freedom of life, liberty, and property have formed the basic morals of past and current governments. One of Edwardss morals that have been seen throughout American history is the infinite sovereignty of G... ...1960. Print.Griffith, John. Jonathan Edwards. The Critical Perspective. Ed. Harold Bloom. Vol. 5. New York Chelsea, 1987. 2573-79. Print. Rpt. of Jonathan Edwards as a Literary Artist. Criticism (1973) 156-73.Henry, Caleb. Pride, Property, and Providence Jonathan Edwards on Property Rights. Journal of Church and State 3(2011)401. eLibrary. Web. 17 Jan. 2012.Lane, C, Belden.. JONATHAN EDWARDS ON BEAUTY, DESIRE, AND THE SENSORY WORLD. Theological Studies 1(2004)44. eLibrary. Web. 17 Jan. 2012.Minkema, Kenne th P., Stout, Harry S.. The Edwardsean Tradition and the Antislavery Debate, 1740-1865. Journal of American History 1(2005)47. eLibrary. Web. 17 Jan. 2012.Scheick, William J. Virtue and Identity Last Works Of Beauty and Virtue. The Writings of Jonathan Edwards Theme, Motif, and Style. College Station Texas A&M UP, 1975. 128-32. Print.

Consider La Belle Dame sans Merci and To Autumn by John Keats Essay

Consider La Belle Dame sans Merci and To Autumn by washstand KeatsJohn Keats was born in 1795 and died in 1821. He lived a short life ashe suffered from tuberculosis, and died in his primal twenties. Keatsis one of the great Romantic poets of the early 19th century. Most ofhis poetry was crammed into the last few years of his life, which iswhy some of his poems relate death. He had a great love for nature,which was always include in his poetry in some way.He saw his mother and his brother die of TB when he was younger sowhen he completed he too had the illness he knew what was in store. Hewent to live in Italy because many people believed that thetemperature would help the illness. This is when are where he wrotethe two poems we forget be comparing, le belle dams sand merci and toautumn.His poem La Belle Dams sans Merci, meaning A Beautiful Womanwithout Merci, is about sawhorse falling in love with an black fairy.Throughout the poem it describes the knights feelings and what he sees. It ends very openly as we are not sure whether it all reallyhappened or whether it was a dream. The nature of the poem is verydeeply described and even the people included in the poem are comparedto nature, she found me roots of relish sweet.The knight in the poem suffers from symptoms such as, alone andpalely loitering, the paleness is a symptom that is a sign of TB somaybe Keats is saying that he is the knight. Another symptom of tbthat keats would have had to live with is with anguish moist andfever dew, meaning he was in pain and coming down with a fever and isclammy.The atmosphere in La Belle Dame sans Merci changes throughout thepoem. At the beginning it seems very slow and depress... ...does not rush, butthe rhythm in La Belle Dame sans Merci is slow and heavy and perhapssuggests the weakness of the knight as if he had been robbed of allhis strength.The rhyme of To Autumn is regular and may reflect the manner ofseasons throughout the year. Whereas, as the rhyme of La Belle Damesans Merci is regular yet predictable. The repetition in the lastline of certain stanzas gives the poem a melancholiac tone, on a coldhills side. Finally, in To Autumn there is a positive attitudetowards death, as if it is known and acceptable to be a part of lifeand as a part of lifes cycle. But in La Belle Dame sans Merci Keatsattitude to death is bitterer and not as acceptable. It is possiblethat the lady in the poem is a metaphor for his illness which issomething which he came across and has stolen the rest of his lifefrom him.

Consider La Belle Dame sans Merci and To Autumn by John Keats Essay

Consider La Belle Dame sans Merci and To Autumn by John KeatsJohn Keats was born in 1795 and died in 1821. He lived a short life ashe suffered from tuberculosis, and died in his early twenties. Keatsis one of the great Romantic poets of the early 19th century. Most ofhis poetry was crammed into the cash in ones chips few years of his life, which iswhy about of his metrical compositions relate death. He had a great love for nature,which was always included in his poetry in some way.He saw his mother and his brother die of TB when he was younger sowhen he realised he too had the illness he knew what was in store. Hewent to live in Italy because many people believed that thetemperature would help the illness. This is when are where he wrotethe two poems we will be comparing, le belle dams sand merci and toautumn.His poem La Belle Dams sans Merci, meaning A Beautiful Womanwithout Merci, is about knight falling in love with an evil fairy.Throughout the poem it describes the knights fee lings and what hesees. It ends very openly as we are not sure whether it all reallyhappened or whether it was a dream. The nature of the poem is very deep described and even the people included in the poem are comparedto nature, she found me roots of relish sweet.The knight in the poem suffers from symptoms such as, alone(predicate) andpalely loitering, the paleness is a symptom that is a sign of TB somaybe Keats is saying that he is the knight. Another symptom of tbthat keats would book had to live with is with anguish moist andfever dew, meaning he was in pain and coming down with a fever and isclammy.The atmosphere in La Belle Dame sans Merci changes throughout thepoem. At the beginning it seems very slow and depress... ...does not rush, butthe rhythm in La Belle Dame sans Merci is slow and heavy and peradventuresuggests the weakness of the knight as if he had been robbed of allhis strength.The rhyme of To Autumn is regular and may reflect the regularity ofseasons throughout the year. Whereas, as the rhyme of La Belle Damesans Merci is regular yet predictable. The repetition in the lastline of certain stanzas gives the poem a melancholic tone, on a cold cumuluss side. Finally, in To Autumn there is a positive attitudetowards death, as if it is known and acceptable to be a part of lifeand as a part of lifes cycle. But in La Belle Dame sans Merci Keatsattitude to death is bitterer and not as acceptable. It is possiblethat the lady in the poem is a metaphor for his illness which issomething which he came across and has stolen the rest of his lifefrom him.

Child Play

Play and early babyhood education is not just a way to call for time for baberen who be too young to go to schooltime. Some people think of melt as the work of youngsterren (Berger, 2000). Through play and early childhood education, children build the foundation for later jibeing as they solve problems and increase their understanding of themselves, other people, and the world around them. Being in a stimulating purlieu, much(prenominal) as an early childhood center, provides a child with the much needed support to develop skills for dealing with emotions, expanding language and vocabulary, and an array of other skills.Putting children in environments where they are not stimulated can be harmful to their development during the play years. For young children, play admits a variety of activities that are fun and interesting. These activities include cool it play, creative play, active play, dramatic play, games, and manipulative play. Play may be structured or unstructure d. Structured play has rules or a item way of doing things. Games such as active games, card games, and board games are examples of structured play. Unstructured play includes activities such as dress-up play, doll play, building blocks, test and climbing, and riding tricycles.These activities are sociodramatic and rough-and-tumble play (Berger, 2000). A child may play alone or engage in affectionate play by including other children or adults. Social play has a critical role in helping children watch over to interact with others. Some research has identified stages of social play. peasantren pass by dint of these stages as they grow, becoming capable of more interactive play as they develop. According to Berger, Onlooker play occurs when a child seems to be playing alone while watching others play activities.Solitary play occurs when a child plays alone or near another child with no interaction between them. Berger states that Parallel play refers to childrens play when they are near each other and using similar materials but with little or no social interaction. Associative play is similar to parallel play but involves some social interaction. Cooperative play includes common goals and collabo balancen, and may involve confused negotiation, collaborative decision making, and rule setting (Berger, 2000). While we were at the VCU child development center, I witnessed children playing outdoors.I saw some cooperative play in games such as hide-n-seek and duck-duck-goose, where the children played the games by rules that were taught to them. Most of the play witnessed was unstructured play in which the children decided what the wanted to do and how they wanted to do it. unrivalled little boy sat in solitary play building mini castles out of guts, while another large group of children just ran in circles around the playground screaming. Many kids just sat back and watched as others played games, while they sat in the sand box occasionally scooping sand wh ich demonstrated onlooker play.Lastly, a group of children sat in a corner observing flowers or bushes having conversation about them, which demonstrated associative play Childrens play sometimes has less to do with other people than with finding out about the world. Young children naturally explore their environments in prankish ways that help them understand the physical environment and their own bodies. This type of play is sometimes called sensorimotor play. As they vary their actions and interact with toys and other objects, children peril what their own muscles can do, and they gain practice of the movements that they need for every(prenominal)day life.They in any case have affordances to learn about gravity and other principles of the physical world. What children learn by means of play is also very much affected by the quality of the early education care program that they are in. When searching for child care, every parent wants to leave their child knowing that they ar e handled by a warm, nurturing adult, who has knowledge of how children grow and develop. The adult should also have an understanding of the needs and interests of several(prenominal) children because this is essential for a childs growth.Children should be valued for themselves and not for what they do or how they look. Good caregivers tend to view children positively and help them learn what to do rather than focusing on what not to do. They help children learn to take responsibility for their own actions and eventually develop self-discipline. Rules should be reasonable, consistent, and salubrious explained. Children are treated with respect. When caregivers view themselves positively and feel good about their work, they model a good self-image for the children. It is essential for caregivers and teachers to help parents feel a part of the program.The parents and school teachers should share information in order to understand more fully a childs needs and provide the best coord inated twenty-four-hour schedules for the child. Parents can share fundamental family values, goals for their child, methods of discipline, and changes in the childs home environment while teachers can share the program goals, special activities for the child, weekly plans, and how they believe children learn (Azria-Evans). Teachers also can utilize get hold of community resources for the school and help parents find needed resources. Good relationships among staff members are important.If the children see adults working together cooperatively and solving problems successfully, they will learn to use some of these skills. All staff members must maintain professional ethics, which includes protecting the privacy of the children and families in their program. Centers also are required to go through a process to advert sure they are meeting state standards. Licensing of child-care centers and family child-care homes gives parents some protection. States vary in their requirements fo r the facilities and the staff, criminal clearance of caregivers, health and safely regulations, and child-adult ratios (Azria-Evans).The adult-to-child ratio affects the individual attention given to each child and the group size affects the interactions of children. Ages of children are followed by adult-to-child ratio and group size (Azria-Evans). Multi-age grouping is permissible and often encouraged. The adult-to-child ratio and group size requirements are based on the age of the majority of children, but when infants are included, ratios and group size for the infants must be maintained. Child care center may also choose to attain an additional affirmation through The National Association for Education of Young Children (Azria-Evans).By getting this certification a child care center shows that they have gone above and beyond state standards to provide the best care and learning environment for children. along with that the center should be a good fit for the parent and child (Azria-Evans). It is essential that parents visit a center and talk with the director, teachers, and children before enrolling their child there. The child should also visit the program before being enrolled. The school should welcome unannounced visits. The parents must check for safety in the total environment.Is the equipment appropriate and in good condition? Are gates latched so children cannot get out? Are activities well supervised? There should be a variety of developmentally and culturally appropriate activities as well as equipment and materials so that each child can develop in all areas such as physical, social, intellectual, emotional, and creative. bodily development includes large and small motor skills and health issues. Particular attention should be paid to routines such as eating, toileting, and resting. Intellectual development involves the cquisition of language skills as well as general knowledge about ones world and how to function in daily tasks. Children n eed opportunities to play and work with other children as well as to play and work alone. Activities should be balanced between active and quiet play both indoors and outdoors. Some activities should be teacher-directed while others should be selected by the child. The transition times between activities should be relaxed and provide pleasant learning experiences. Learning centers should reflect childrens families, cultures, and interests.Learning centers should include table-top activities with manipulative materials, activities with housekeeping props, dramatic play, books and quiet corner, music and movement, art and creative activities, cooking and science areas, and a block area. Look for outdoor climbing equipment, space to run, wheel toys, sensory motor activities such as obstacle courses, balls, beanbags, and hoops. Children need carpentry, gardening, and ample sand, water, and mud play. There should be nature walks and trips away from the center.At the VCU child development center the children had built a reproduction of New York City, with demonstrated a table-top activity. Outdoors the play area had two wooden playhouses, and the entire play area had little garden throughout. There was also a sand pit in the middle of the playground. The arrangements families make for their children can vary dramatically, including care by relatives center-based care, including preschool early education programs family child care provided in the caregivers home and care provided in the childs home by nannies or babysitters.How a family chooses this care is influenced by family values, affordability, and availability. For many families, high-quality child care is not affordable, which results in compromises. The benefits of high quality care are that when care is consistent, developmentally sound, and emotionally supportive, there is a positive effect on the child and the family. The children that are in a poor quality environment are less likely to be prepared for school demands and more likely to have some development problems, which sometimes can not be fixed.These include reading and language problems, because the children have not been in a nurturing environment to develop these skills. These students are more likely to fall behind in school. All in all, the play years are essential to a childs development. The type of play that they do and the child care center that they attend is very important in determining how a child develops. A lot of thought should go into choosing a child care center, because we all want our children to get the proper amount of play for their age group to make sure the develop the skills needed later on in life.

Modern Life Is Very Different from Life 50 Years Ago

Modern a come throughness is very different from life 50 eld ago. Some wad estimate the changes in our lives have been very positive while others think they have been more negative. What do you think? Fifty years ago life was simpler and some people think things were better back then. While it is true that life today has some negative aspects, I think the modern font modus vivendi is better than the way people lived in the past. Some people like my grandparents say there were a number of positive things near life when they were developing up.Firstly, they say the pace of life was slower, so families could spend more time together. Everyone in the family came together for special occasions like weddings and Eid. In addition, my grandparents say that the follow of living was lower when they were young. You could easily live on just a few dirhams a day. Lastly, my grandparents said people were healthier in the past because they take in better food then they do today and they go t more exercise. They say that people rarely got sick. P However, modern living has a lot of benefits.First of all, the warning of living is practically higher today than it was 50 years ago, so people can afford to live well. Secondly, we have much better facilities now, such as good hospitals, roads and schools. Facilities like these were very poor in the past. Another benefit of life today is that we have admission fee to modern technology. This has modify the way we work and communicate. While it is true that life today is more stressful and we often have less time to relax, I would not lack to be living the same life as my grandparents did. I am a modern woman and I want to live a modern life.Modern Life Is Very Different from Life 50 Years AgoModern life is very different from life 50 years ago. Some people think the changes in our lives have been very positive while others think they have been more negative. What do you think? Fifty years ago life was simpler and some p eople think things were better back then. While it is true that life today has some negative aspects, I think the modern lifestyle is better than the way people lived in the past. Some people like my grandparents say there were a number of positive things about life when they were growing up.Firstly, they say the pace of life was slower, so families could spend more time together. Everyone in the family came together for special occasions like weddings and Eid. In addition, my grandparents say that the cost of living was lower when they were young. You could easily live on just a few dirhams a day. Lastly, my grandparents said people were healthier in the past because they ate better food then they do today and they got more exercise. They say that people rarely got sick. P However, modern living has a lot of benefits.First of all, the standard of living is much higher today than it was 50 years ago, so people can afford to live well. Secondly, we have much better facilities now, su ch as good hospitals, roads and schools. Facilities like these were very poor in the past. Another benefit of life today is that we have access to modern technology. This has improved the way we work and communicate. While it is true that life today is more stressful and we often have less time to relax, I would not want to be living the same life as my grandparents did. I am a modern woman and I want to live a modern life.

Bowen Family Systems

Bowen Family System Theory Introduction In doing my studies on family/systemic counselling, I found Bowens conjecture intriguing. In my work and everyday life, I witness triangulation on a daily basis, from my confess experience, without the aw areness from this module, I was often entwined in triangulation. As a trainee therapist I decided to write my paper on Bowenian Therapy in order to gain a better understanding and develop my awareness. Murray Bowen, M. D. (31 January 1913 9 October 1990) was an American psychiatrist and a professor in Psychiatry at the Georgetown University.Bowen was among the pioneers of family therapy and founders of systemic therapy. The family systems theory is a theory introduced by Dr. Murray Bowen that suggests that individuals can non be mute in closing off from one some other, but rather as a part of their family, as the family is an activated unit. Fami take a breathers are systems of interconnected and interdependent individuals, none of whom can be understood in isolation from the system (Genopro. com 18/11/2010) Bowens interest in family began as he was practicing as a psychiatrist in the 1940s. He focused on schizophrenic patients emotional human kindreds with their mothers.Others arouse called it a symbiosis relationship, but for him it was only an exaggerated natural emergence of emotional relationship. In 1954 he started to hospitalize the entire family of the sick (schizophrenic) person. He found out that the entire family suffered with the sick person emotionally. He also studied the relationship mingled with mother-child symbioses. This involved a certain repetitive pattern, where he observed alternating patterns of closeness and distance. They portrayed sensitive emotional tensions caused by separation solicitude and incorporation worry.In 1959 he started working with families with less severe problems. Surprisingly these families displayed the same problems as the disturbed families. He concluded that there is no discontinuity between the normal and disturbed families but vary along a continuum line of emotional fusion to divergentiation. Bowen was one of the first to realize that the archives of our family creates a guidebook which shapes the values, thoughts, and experiences of for each one generation, as well as how that generation passes down these things to the next generation.Bowens theory focuses on the balance of two forces togetherness and individuality. Too much togetherness can obstruct individuality, or developing ones own sense of self whereas too much individuality dissolving agents in a distant and estranged family. The theory looks at the family as a system and describes the complex interactions that exist in any one unit. The way members of a family are connected and the way they react to one another makes the functioning of family members interdependent. According to the theory, mental malady happens as a result of emotional fusion.This can happen when there is an increase in the level of emotions and disquiet in the family. Bowen introduced eight interlocking concepts to explain family development and functioning. Below I leave behind provide an all overview of each concept. specialisation of Self The first concept is Differentiation of Self, or the efficacy to separate palpateings and thoughts. Un differentiated citizenry can not separate feelings and thoughts They founder difficulty intellection logically because when asked to think they are make full with feelings, so this makes It difficult for them to base their responses on their own logical thinking.They also have difficulty differentiating between their feelings and the feelings of others. They look to their family to define how they think about issues, feel about populate, and interpret their experiences. Differentiation is the action of freeing yourself from your familys processes to define yourself so you can have different opinions and values than your f amily members, but are still loose of staying emotionally connected to them. It means existence able to calmly reflect on a conflicted interaction afterward, realising your wn role in it, and then choosing a different response for the future. Triangles Triangles are the basic units of systems. They balance between closeness and distance. The third person or party brings unity and creates continuity in warring situation. The triplicity brings stressed person into a manageable level of operation. This involves true listening and lets a true advice for a better solution. In it virtually all relationships are shadowed by third parties.For example when a couple have an argument, afterwards, one of the partners whitethorn call their friend to talk about the fight. The third person helps them reduce their anxiety and take action, or calm their strong emotions and reflect, and make decision. People who are more undifferentiated are likely to triangulate others and be triangulated wherea s people who are differentiated cope well with life and relationship stress, and as a result are less likely to triangulate others or be triangulated. The Nuclear Family stimulated ProcessThese are the emotional patterns in a family that continue over generations. This involves a modeling scenario where a family member models and imitates the demeanor and even the language of his or her parents. For example, a parent who teaches his or her children to be happy when things are ok and sad when things are bad shapes the future thinking of those children. Here the parent passes on an emotional view of the world (the emotional process), which is taught throughout generation from parent to a child, in a atomic family.Reactions to this process can range from open conflict, to physical or emotional problems in one family member, to reactive distancing. This will bring problems with family members like substance abuse, mental illness and irresponsibility. The Multigenerational Transmissio n Process This process entails the way family emotional processes are transferred and maintained over generations. This captures how the whole family joins in The Family Projection Process, for example, by reinforcing the beliefs of the family.As the family continues this pattern over generations, they also refer back to previous generations (Hes just like his Uncle he was always irresponsible too or Shes just like your cousin bloody shame she was divorced four propagation. ). Sibling Position Bowen believed In sibling order and that each child had a place in the family hierarchy. He believed that the oldest sibling was more likely to be come upn as overly responsible and mature whilst the youngest as overly irresponsible and immature. Emotional Cut-offEmotional cut-off refers to the techniques people use to reduce anxiety from their unresolved emotional issues with parents, siblings, and other members from the family of origin. Some people seek distance either by moving away ph ysically or emotionally victimisation silence, diversion or avoidance of difficult and hurtful topics. To avoid sensitive issues, they may move away from their families and refuse to go home regularly. This strategy may work in the short term to reduce immediate anxiety but over time, the deeper, unresolved problems are toxic towards other relationships.An open relationship is the opposite of emotional cut-off. It is the best way to reduce a familys over-all anxiety. Continued low anxiety permits family members who would like to, to flummox the slow steps to better differentiation. Bowen wrote, It major power be difficult for a family with severe cut-offs to begin more emotional contact with the extended family, but any effort toward reducing the cut-off with the extended family will soften the intensity of the family problem, reduce the symptoms, and make any kind of therapy far more productive. Societal Emotional Processes The concept of societal emotional process describes how the emotional system governs behaviour on a societal level, promoting both progressive and regressive periods in a society. Cultural forces are important in how a society functions but are insufficient for explaining the rise and fall in how well societies adapt to the challenges that face them. The societys attitudes towards for example different races, classes, genders and familiar orientation, have definite effects on the family.In many ways, this is like the Family Projection Process scaled up to the level of a society as a whole. The way a family deals with prejudice, discrimination and persecution is instinctively passed on to their children so that they can survive in their unique environment. The coping practices of the parents and extended family may leading to more or less accommodative emotional health for the family and its members. average Family Development According to Bowen, all families lie along a continuum.Bowen believed that all families lie on a spectrum or continuum and that it is difficult to try to classify families into types. If circumstances change, one type of family could change and become another type of family. For this reason, Bowen is credited with being one of the first culturally sensitive family therapists. A normal, adjusted family will have tensions and anxieties but will be balanced in terms of their togetherness and differentiation. A normal family will have good emotional balance and recognise that some problems are external and others come from the individual.There are connections between the different generations in the family and also to the extended family. The transitions for example from adolescence to adulthood are smooth and supported by the wider family. Past pains and joys are shared. Bowen says no matter how we qualify and forget the past, these memories of our relationship, still stay alive in us. The danger is the way our former family attachment will shape our new family. At various times difficultie s in different relationships, sometimes called dyads, are resolved without drawing in others into their difficulties.The ability to tolerate and support family members with different views supports differentiation and is a sign of a healthy family. Awareness of external societal influences as well as the unique family influences helps a family to become well adjusted. During times of grief and loneliness for example, family members give space and allow the person opportunity to grow. A positive emotional atmosphere with a belief in the virtues of family builds normal family development. Finally, when family members depend on each ther for feedback and support rather than in co-dependent ways, the family develops healthily. Family Disorders Bowen believed that family problems result from emotional fusion, or from an increase in the level of anxiety in the family. He believed that the member with the symptom is the least(prenominal) differentiated member of the family, and is the one who has the least ability to resist the pull to become fused with another member. This person absorbs the anxiety and worries of the whole family and has the least ability to separate their own thoughts and feelings from those of their family.Families face two kinds of problems. Vertical problems are passed down from one generation to the next. Thus, adults who had cold and distant relationships with their parents do not know how to have warm and close relationships with their children, and so pass down their own problems to their children. Horizontal problems are caused by environmental stressors or transition points in the family development. This may result from traumas such as a chronic illness, the loss of the family home, or the death of a family member.However, horizontal stress may also result from Social Emotional Processes, such as when a minority family moves from a like-minority neighbourhood to a very different neighbourhood, or when a family with traditional gender ro les immigrates to a finishing with very different views, and must raise their children there. The worst case for the family is when vertical and horizontal problems happen at once. Goals of Therapy Bowens therapy was not aimed at changing people or solving problems, it was basically geared towards Helping families to inquire and explore their own roles in family problems Making them assume responsibility for their own problems People instruction more about themselves and their relationships Decreasing emotional reactivity Improving self-focus Modifying dys available patterns Evaluating progress of the family in terms of how they function now, as well as how adaptive they can be to future changes In general, the therapist accomplishes this by giving less attention to specific problem they present with, and more attention to family patterns of emotions and relationships, as well as family structures of dyads and triangles.Techniques that are most prominent in the practice of Bow enian family systems therapy. Genogram Bowen used what he termed a family diagram to collect and organise important information concerning the multigenerational family systems. In 1972 Guerin renamed the family diagram the genogram. The main function of the genogram is to organise data during the evaluation phase and to track relationship processes and key triangles over the course of therapy.In the process of assessment, the following are noted the history of the presenting problems, exact dates are noted, history of the nuclear family, when the parents met, their courtship, their marriage, child rearing, where the family lived especially in relation to the location of the extended family, history of both spouses birth, sibling positions, facts about childhood, past and current functioning with parents The Therapy Triangle This technique is based on the theoretical assumption that conflictual relationship processes within the family have activated key-symptom-related triangles in an attempt to re-establish stability and the family will automatically attempt to include the therapist in the triangling process. If they succeed, therapy will be stalemated. On the other hand, if the therapist can remain free of reactive emotional entanglements, in other words, stay detriangled ,the family system and its members will calm down to the point where they can begin to work out solutions to their dilemmas. Relationship Experiments Relationship experiments are carried out around structural altercations in key triangles.The goal is to help the family members become aware of systems processes and check over to recognise their role in them. Thomas F. Fogarty developed experiments for use with emotional pursuers and distancers (lartin-drake. com 28/12/2010). Pursuers are encouraged to restrain their pursuit, stop making demands, and change magnitude pressure for emotional connection and see what happens in themselves and in the relationship. The exercise isnt designed to be a magic cure, as some people have hoped, but to help clarify the emotional processes involved. Distancers are encouraged to move toward the other person and communicate personal thoughts and feelings, in other words, to find an alternative to either avoiding or capitulating to the others demands.Coaching Coaching is the Bowenian alternative to the more emotionally involved role common to most other forms of therapy. By playacting as a coach, the Bowenian therapist hopes to avoid taking over for patients or becoming embroiled in family triangles. The goal is increased understanding, increased self-focus, and more functional attachment to key family members. The I-Position Taking a personal stand, saying what you feel, instead of what others are doing, is one of the most direct ways to break cycles of emotional reactivity. Bowenian therapists not only encourage clients to take I-Position, they also do so themselves. Another assumption in Bowenian therapy is that confrontation inc reases anxiety and decreases the ability to think clearly and see options.Therefore, displacing the focus, making it less personal and less threatening, is an excellent way to increase objectivity. This forms the basis for two related techniques, multiple family therapy and displacement stories. Conclusion In consequence I believe that Bowen developed a comprehensive theory of family therapy which inspired generations. His theory describes how the family shapes the interplay of individuality and togetherness using six interlocking concepts which are differentiation of self, triangles, nuclear family emotional process, family projection process, multigenerational transmission process and sibling position. In 1970 Bowen added two additional concepts emotional cut-off and societal emotional process.Bowenian therapy is a process of active interrogation in which the therapist helps family members get past blaming and fault finding in order to face their own roles in family problems. Th e goals of Bowenian therapy are not to change people or to solve their problems. Instead they see therapy as an opportunity for people to learn more about themselves and their relationships so that they can assume responsibility for their own problems. Contents Introduction Differentiation of Self The Nuclear Family Emotional Process Triangles The Multigenerational Transmission Process Sibling Position Emotional Cut-off Societal Emotional Processes Normal Family Development Family Disorders Goals of Therapy Conclusion Bibliography Bibliography http//www. abacon. com/famtherapy/bowen. hypertext markup language (14/12/2010) http//www. anzjft. om/pages/articles/78. pdf (14/12/2010) http//www. bukisa. com/articles/293438_what-is-the-concept-of-bowen-family-therapyixzz14iOkMQpM (16/12/2010) http//www. genopro. com/genogram/family-systems-theory/ (22/10/2010) http//www. houd. info/bowenTheory. pdf (22/10/2010) http//www. lartin-drake. com/distancer. pdf (22/10/2010) Bibliography http//www . abacon. com/famtherapy/bowen. html http//www. psychpage. com/learning/library/counseling/bowen. html http//www. bukisa. com/articles/293438_what-is-the-concept-of-bowen-family-therapy http//www. thebowencenter. org/ http//homepages. wmich. edu/macdonal/SW 6680. 05/Friedman. Bow Contents Introduction

My World In 2050 Essay

The founding in which I live in the stratum 2050 is only margin tout ensembley different than the one we lived in fifty years ago. Communication technology at this point is really the only thing that has modernistic in great leaps.see morelife in 2050In 2050, there are no more wires used in communication. No telephony lines, no cables. Everyone has a satellite transmitter in their homes that can be used to transmit live video/audio feeds to anywhere in the world in a matter of seconds. This also means that the Internet is no longer dependant on modems, as we knew them at the turn of the century.Video imagers that tolerate people to communicate while seeing who you are speeking to have replaced the phones of the twentieth century. All banking, shopping and individualal business can now be make in the comfort and privacy of your own home. This is probably the single most amazing thing about this metre. Companies akin FedEx, and UPS have become shipping giants of this time, wit h millions of employees and tens of thousands of offices all over the world. These companies are what make living in 2050 so unique. With more people spending less time going out to shop, shipping companies like these are the only way millions of people can survive.Back in the early 1980s, I entertain watching a movie called Aliens. I remember this well because there was a scene in the movie when Ripley, the main character, used a card inserted into a videophone that allowed her to see who she was talking to. At the time I was amazed at the special effects in this movie. Now of course all we need do is to speak the name and city of the person we want to talk to so that the communication computer can hear it and we are connected instantly.We no longer have to worry about garbled communications, or language barriers with the latest translator technology. Sure, the translators sound kind of boxy and computerize, that in time I think that even these bugs will be worked out. All in al l, 2050 is an exciting time, and new things will be discovered every day. There is word that communication mega giant AT&T is exploitation a chip that can be implanted in the skull that would makevideophones obsolete in a few years. They say that all you have to do is think about calling someone and, boom, you are connected. Well, I guess only time will tell. For sure, seventy years ago, these things were probably considered outlandish ideas, but amazingly, life seems to imitate Sci-Fi. I mean, look at what the old Star Trek series did for Cell Phones.

Iron Crowned Chapter 15

I had two immediate reactions to this. One was that Dorian could wait near forever he had no right to demand anything of me. My other reaction was kayoedrage that he could come traipsing into my home when I was banned from his. Admittedly, that was my own fault. I hadnt put down any hospitality rules to cumber him reveal. As such, hed be welcomed like any other non-enemy monarch particularly by my people. I considered alone sending Volusian to revoke hospitality provided then tossed that idea aside. Id take care of this myself.I drove out to the gate dash by my home as fast as I could without getting a ticket and then crossed everywhere to the anchor inside my castle. Once there, I hurried by the halls, oblivious to servants startled stares. I knew where Dorian would be. My people would have received him in the nicest chamber, the one befitting any visiting monarch.Sure full. Dorian sit inside the parlor, lounging in a central chair with Shaya, Rurik, and others seated a round him. He looked like he was holding court in his own castle. My evoke doubled. Everyone except him jumped up at my sudden approach, giving hasty bows.Out, I snapped. All of you. And shut the door.My words go a trend no question about who scarce I indirect requested out. Dorian didnt move, but the rest scurried to obey my orders. I saw Shaya and Rurik exchange looks with each other, no doubt worried what was difference to risk with the two monarchs they loved.Once we were alone, I turned on Dorian. What the hell are you doing here?He regarded me coolly, face perfectly at ease. Visiting, as is my right. Theres nothing that says I kittyt. Unless youre revoking my hospitality?I should, I said, stepping forward with fists clenched. I should have my guards throw you out on your ass.He snorted and absentmindedly smoothed a piece of his commodious hair. Good luck with that. Theyd throw you out first, if I gave the order.So thats why youre here? To start a rebellion in my own ki ngdom? no Im here to remind you of your responsibilities to your kingdom since youve clearly forgotten.Really? I crossed my arms across my chest in an effort to stop myself from doing something stupid. I see youve forgotten what Ive done for my kingdom. Say, like, saving it from disaster. And risking my life for that fucking crown so that we could finally have peace.If memory serves, you caused that disaster when you created an inhospitable desert. His voice was still damned pacify. And that crown is doing you no good.Didnt you hear me? We have peace. The fightings stopped.The fightings temporarily stopped. Katrice is playing you, and youre allowting her. Shes dragging her feet, using this negotiation delay to figure out a way out of this. If you really want to end the war once and for all, you need to get involved and let her know youre serious. Wave the crown around. Dare her to chaffer your bluff. Show her youre in control and stop all of this for real.I gave a harsh laugh. Thats so typical of you. Attempting to pull the strings, as usual. You dont even have the crown, but youre sort outing me what to do with it.Dorian shot up from the chair, smooth features breaking into annoyance. I am remembering what it means to be a king. Im not running play away and letting others deal with things that seem too hard.Right, I said, keeping an eye on the distance between us. Getting the crown was easy. Which is why, of course, you were right out there with me.He narrowed his eyes. You know I would have if I could. So I did the only thing I could I got you out there after it.By lying I exclaimed. I tried to keep my voice strong, letting anger be the only emotion to slip, but grief cracked me a little. By creating an elaborate set-up with Masthera in the hope Id seize more(prenominal) land for us. Why do you not see how wrong that was?Was it? His leger was starting to match my own. Id so rarely seen emotion seize him, and it was both terrible and beautiful. Do you think our people think its wrong? The ones whose homes are no longer in danger? The ones who are alive because of this? The crown bought that, and youre going to ruin it all if you dont force her into talks none only that, by not acting, youre letting what Leith did to you go unpunished.Oh, he got punished, I said.Yes, agreed Dorian coldly. By me. Something you seem to have forgotten, now that youve jumped back into bed with that animal.Kiyo isnt part of this. And what you did isnt enough to concur me to stay in a relationship with someone who constantly deceives me.Dorian turned away, putting his back to me. Somehow, this was more insulting than all the glares in the world. I can only assume this is human logic. Achieving peace by bending the truth is deceitful. The greatest sin in the world. But infidelity is moral and expert.Its not And I wasnt I didnt cheat on you. As far as I was concerned, we were through. I was free to do whatever I wanted.Obviously.I didnt want to sh ow any weakness in front of him, but the thing was, part of me still questioned if having sex with Kiyo back in the forest had been right or not. Id even felt conflicted at the time. Id let my impulses win out, using muddled logic to satisfy both my lust and need for revenge.Look, I said, trying to calm myself down. I didnt mean to hurt your feelings He spun around so sharply that my words dropped. I didnt fear Dorian, not with my power and in my home, but something in his eyes made me step back. Queen Eugenie, he said formally. Dont trouble yourself over my feelings. Replacing you in my bed isnt that difficult. You have too high an opinion of yourself in that regard.Those words slapped me in the face, despite all the reasonable parts of my brain screaming at me that it didnt matter. I had no reason to care what he did. No reason to care about him.So, I said, matching his tone. Ysabel has a place to sell her skills again.Very good ones, he agreed. The question now is if youre goin g to use yours. Put Katrice in her place. Get her to negotiate so that we can get the concessions we deserve. Stop acting like a human.I am human. You keep forgetting that.He studied me up and down, giving me the opportunity to do the same to him. You dont care, you dont care, I told myself, trying to push aside how much Id loved that gorgeous face.No, he said at last, contempt in his voice. Its impossible to forget. Youre acting like one now, refusing to do the right thing just because Ive asked you to. Youre being contrary out of spite. He strode toward the door. If you dont act soon, youll regret it.I didnt like him being the one to end this conversation. It was more of him always having the power. Are you threatening me?Dorian put his business deal on the doors handle and glanced at me over his shoulder. No. Im not the threat. Katrice is. And while you keep going on and on about how much Ive wronged you and lied to you, I can say with absolute certainty that what Ive just told you is the truth.Noted. Hastily, I made an attempt at acting like the queen around here. You can go now. And dont come back.That earned me a half smile, though there wasnt much humor in it. Are you revoking my hospitality?I hesitated. No. Im above that. Ill just assume youll do the right thing and stay the hell away from me.Noted, he replied, imitating my earlier tone. He opened the door and walked away without another look. I stared at the empty space where hed been, wondering whod come out on top of that argument.By the time I emerged and found Shaya, Dorian had already left my castle for his own lands. She asked nothing about what had transpired with him, but worry was written all over her face.How close are we? I demanded. How close are we to sitting down with Katrice and writing up a treaty?Shaya paled, and I realized I had turned my anger at Dorian on her. Not as close as Id like. She agreed she agreed shed come in person, but only if the talks were held in the willow Land. Q ueen Maiwenn has agreed, but Dor King Dorian says thats unacceptable. He suggests the Linden Land or the Maple Land. Katrice refuses.Linden and Maple. Kingdoms both staunchly neutral. Maiwenn theoretically was too. Shed always put on the pretense of friendship, and I was certain Kiyo would put up her hospitality. But something about it made me uneasy. I didnt want to support Dorian but then I realized that instinct came from exactly what hed warned me of wanting to rival him just out of spite. Our personal mess aside, he was my ally. Neutral ground was best for us.Reiterate Dorians stance, I said. Linden or Maple. Im going back to Tucson. permit me know what happens.Shaya opened her mouth, to protest or beg for help, I couldnt say. Dorians words came back to me. Get actively involved. Wave the crown and make Katrice agree to our terms. No. On that, I wouldnt agree with him. I wouldnt use that crown like he wanted me too, even as a threat.Thatll be all, I told Shaya. She nodded, teachable as always.The look on her face as I left made me feel a little guilty. mayhap I could make things easier for her. Maybe I could expedite all this. But for now, there was literally no harm being done. What could Katrices stalling achieve? If she began hostilities again, she ran the risk of facing the crown she plainly feared. My people were safe. The waiting was frustrating, but it had to end soon. Id told Dorian I was human, and thats what I intended to be. I would go home, start following up on jobs, and let the gentry deal with this red tape until I was absolutely needed.And that was exactly what I did.I returned to my old life. Kiyo and I continue dating, and being with him, reestablishing our old tie-up and sex life, went a long way toward blocking out images of beautiful, voluptuous Ysabel in Dorians bed. My workload increased as did my income though my jobs tired me out more than I was used to. That scared me. It made me think about what it meant to be human an d gentry. Id fought to keep my human side dominant. Was the gentry part taking over? Stunting my shamanic abilities? No, I firmly decided. This was stress, pure and simple.In the two weeks that followed, though, I had to concede to my gentry side occasionally. The Thorn Land called to me, so I continued my quick visits, keeping the land strong and no matter how much I hated to admit it strengthening myself. Unfortunately, I took little joy from that because no good news ever came from the Otherworld. Katrice kept switching back and forth. Yes, shed agree to the Maple Land no, shed changed her mind. Linden. But only if ambassadors went first, then the monarchs. No shed go. But it was back to the Willow Land. Or maybe some place altogether different? What about the Palm Land?Dorian made no attempts at direct relate with me, but there was no need. When I went to bed each night, I could see his face. Wave the crown, wave the crown. Fortunately, my aggressive workload tired me out e nough to fall asleep quickly.Good news of sorts finally came one day when Kiyo and I were out hiking. The temperature had shot up, heralding spring, and Id welcomed the break from work. Traipsing through the wilderness was something Dorian would sure never do especially in the desert. But like me, Kiyo appreciated the rugged beauty and heat of the land. Id missed these excursions with him.His eyebrows rose when my cell phone rang. You can get a sign on out here?Apparently.I was as surprised as him. Looking at the ID, I saw Enriques name soda water up. His recent reports, after that brief surge of promising news, had been clipped and vague simple reminders that he was still working on things.I answered eagerly. Please tell me youve found something.I have, he said. Enrique had that smug tone from when wed met. It had been annoying then, but now, I found it encouraging. I finally tracked down the gun principal and I didnt hear the rest because a sudden drop in the temperature and tingling in the air heralded Volusians arrival. Apparently, I could get an Otherworldly signal out here too. My minions orders to report all urgent news trumped whatever Enrique had to say.Hey, I interrupted. Ill call you back.What the I disconnected, not giving him a chance to slay his outrage. He probably wasnt used to being hung up on. I turned to Volusian, who waited patiently and silently for me. He was a spot of darkness on the joyful day he seemed to suck away the light of the world.Please, I begged. Please tell me Katrice has finally given in, so that we can talk.Volusian stayed silent a some moments. I swear, it was for dramas sake, and I felt like choking him. No, he said. The Rowan Queen has not agreed to negotiations yet, although she has acted.Kiyo and I exchanged looks. There was no way this could be good. I was also pretty sure Volusian liked delivering this news.Shes kidnapped your sister, he said. And has a list of demands to be met, if you want to see Jasmine alive again.

Examinations Should Be Abolished Essay

Examinations should be abolished. When examinations argon abolished, it means that it should be ridden of. Ever since our primary education started, we were all studying for examinations every year. The education system set by the Singapore government stated that examinations are a good way to test a students capability of a subject. The examinations purposes are to besides allow teachers to know where each students individual standards, and letting them to be able to differentiate each students abilities and talents. It is besides a common universal yardstick used around the world, since a long time ago. But, is it an accurate method? Nowadays, students are unspoiled required to memorise formulas and texts to tell the questions in examinations. Examinations do not measure ones capability accurately.Examinations bring ab forth stress and sleepless nights to students. These few factors affect the students emotions and aspectings, and they world power also affect the students pe rformance in examinations. When students study, they will feel tired, and they will also feel that they have not studied enough, which leads them to not having enough sleep. At this period, students are also prone to falling sick. Tiredness will affect the students thinking, and memory will not work well when examinations come. The results of their examinations are not desirable which might also lead to other factors like, for example, the students parents getting angry because they did not do well. Students might get depressed and their attitude will change towards people.Examinations are also not fair. People who took examinations and did well received paper qualifications which state how well they did and what did they achieve. By applying for a job, this acts like another examination. If you are clever enough, you will outstrip the exam. The same thing applies too. If you have high qualifications, you can take the job. But it is not fair because there are so many hidden talents out there. Some might not have the money to take major examinations like the O and A levels which determine their achievements and grades, and these people are not macrocosm noticed. These people are seen in an unfair light.Another factor is that quite a lot of the things that we study are notrequired much when we tangle with the working world. Lets take, for example, Mathematics. Not all that we learn in Mathematics needs to be applied when we work. Students study so hard roughly Mathematics just to do well for their examinations to get good paper qualifications and being able to get a good job. In conclusion, I feel that examinations should be abolished because it does not measure a students potential and ability accurately and that it is unfair. An alternative is that schools should not have any examinations at all, and teachers should just teach throughout the year.

How do you as a modern reader, respond to Austen’s presentation of Mr. Knightley’s guidance of Emma in the novel as a whole?

After the episode at Box Hill, Mr. Knightley says to Emma, I must once more speak to you as I have been used to do a privilege rather endured than allowed, perhaps, hardly I must still use it.How do you as a modern reader, respond to Austens presentation of Mr. Knightleys direction of Emma in the novel as a whole?It can be said that Emma is a novel which is based on morals and manners. In the society, and the sight in which Jane Austen push-down lists with, we see the high expectations, the pride and mainly good use of manners in their community. George Knightley is considered to be a well mannered and respectable man, and we are shown good reasons to believe so, on galore(postnominal) occasions. He is thought of as a good-catch, world rich with old money, and having very high status, but does non show any signs of snobbery to or against another person.In addition, Mr Knightley has many good qualities, and we can see how fond Austen is of her faultless character. We see him in many circumstances, (mostly) being calm, polite and sharp, never succumbing to rudeness. He is always pleasant and friendly towards Miss Bates, which shows the reader a very gentle side to him, even though many other characters get agitated with her rather easily. Austen also helps us understand how courteous and patient he is, whilst dealing with Mr. Woodhouse. He is a very annoying, vexing man so by showing Mr. Knightley to be friendly and tolerant with him, helps us see what truly great qualities this man has. When speaking to Emma, we understand how often he cares for her, though sometimes he may seem quite abrupt.Nevertheless, throughout the novel we see Emmas countless faults. She seems to be inexperienced at the latch on of the novel, which can be said to justify her childish behaviour. though it appears that she does not know a lot about life in general, acting spoilt and infantile we are soon shown of her sharp, intelligent and kind self, which makes the reader make b elieve of her desperate need of help. She is lacking parental support greatly, and quite seriously it is clear to us that she has never had a mother figure to look up to, only ever having Miss Taylor her governess, which seems more like friendship than mother-daughter. Her father does not know of her need of love and support, and therefore continues to act like a selfish child who needs a great deal of care, consequently ending up with Emma caring and concerning for her father and not concentrating on her own needs. Although we see of her and her sisters closeness, Isabella has her own life and is away from their estate for most of the year. As a result Mr Knightley shows to be the only one capable and willing around her, to help her through and towards her development.As Mr. Knightley acts as Emmas mentor throughout the novel, we see on many occasions, him upsetting her with the truth, them in conflict, and a lot of realisation about oneself. When she boasts of her persuading Harr iet to decline Robert Martins marriage proposal, as she is certain of Mr. Eltons love for Harriet, we see Mr. Knightley fuming with rage at her, as she does not realise the consequences of her actions, and the damage she will cause for the people involved. She is stubborn with George Knightley, and only when Mr. Elton proposes to her, does she realise the reality in what she has done and the truth in what he has said. The situation is wherefore followed by her self-searching, and reflecting on her actions, admitting she is wrong to only herself, soon forgetting of her wrong doings.Following the incident at Box Hill, it is the first time that we see Emma break cut out in the novel. Mr. Knightley is very angry with Emma, but does raise his voice, simply explains their situation of how people perceive them, clarifying the importance of them setting a good example. peradventure the reason for her humiliation, is the fact that she did not realise how hurtful she was to Miss Bates, and never once took into consideration of her position in the society. By explaining how their circle of friends look up to both her and Mr. Knightley, Emma for the first time in the novel realises her situation as a woman, a mentor, and a friend. Once releasing her true, sad feelings, Mr. Knightley acts kind and careing towards her, and she accepts her mistakes, and is active to apologise to Miss Bates as well as being friendly and patient with her from then on. This can be seen as a self-analysis, which truly shows her willingness to develop. even off as a modern reader, it seems that Austen is simply showing two peoples love for each other, in which they both work hard to persist.Mr. Knightley cares a great deal for Emma, and we can see that all his stern and honest ways in which he has dealt with her throughout the novel, have all been on the grounds of his love for her, as a friend, a companion and a man. He is sensible and truthful during the narrative, which is how Austen gains our trust for him. He has helped her comprehend many difficult situations on many occasions, but she has also helped him to maybe not be so serious and untrusting. And it seems as though Emma realises this near the ending of the novel, whilst discussing the situation of herself and Mr. Knightley, and the situation of Frank and Jane, to Frank Churchill himself.Though at times Mr. Knightley has maybe seemed harsh and cold towards Emma, it has made her improve and mature in character greatly, ending with her fine development.

The Free Soil Party

Buchanan30. In 1848, the Free Soil society platform counsellord all of the following except A free g everyplacenment homesteads for settlers. B internal improvements. C an end to bondage in the District of Columbia. D support of the Wilmot Proviso. E antagonist to slaveholding in the territories. 31. According to the principle of popular sovereignty, the question of thrall in the territories would be determined by A the most popular internal leaders. B a Supreme tourist court decision. C congressional legislation. D the vote of the people in any bookn territory. E a national referendum. 2. The key sheer for the major parties in the 1848 presidential preference was A expansion. B personalities. C Indian removal. D slavery.E the economy. 33. The Free Soilers condemned slavery because A of moral principles. B it damaged the national economy. C of the harm it did to blacks. D it destroyed the chances of free white workers to rise to self-employment. E it was the only way they had of combating the appeal of the Democratic party. 34. Harriet Tubman gained fame A as an African-American antislavery novelist. B in the gold fields of California. C by urging white women to oppose slavery. D as an advocate of the Fugitive hard worker Law. E by helping slaves to escape to Canada. 35. Daniel Websters famed Seventh of March obstetrical delivery in 1850 resulted in A a shift toward compromise in the North. B Senate rejection of a fugitive-slave law. C a movement to draft copy him for the presidency. D condemnation by blue commercial interests. E charges of accepting bribes. 36. In the meditates of 1850, Senator William H. Seward, as a representative of the northern Young Guard, argued that A John C.Calhouns compromise plan must(prenominal) be adopted to preserve the Union. B Christian legislators must obey Gods moral law. C the Constitution must be obeyed. D compromise must be achieved to preserve the Union. E African-Americans should be granted their own terr itory. 37. In the Compromise of 1850, Congress determined that slavery in the New Mexico and Utah territories was A to be decided by popular sovereignty. B to be banned. C protected by federal law.D to be ignored until either territory applied for admission to statehood. E to be decided by the Mormon Church. 38. The Fugitive Slave Law included all of the following provisions except A self-control of fleeing slaves right to testify on their own behalf. B denial of a jury trial to runaway slaves. C a higher payment if officials determined blacks to be runaways. D the requirement that fugitive slaves be travel byed from Canada. E the penalty of imprisonment for northerners who helped slaves to escape. 39. The option of 1852 was significant because it A saw the rise of purely national parties. B saw the victory of a pro-South northerner. C marked the return of issues-oriented campaigning. D saw the emergence of an antislavery third party. E marked the end of the Whig party. 40. The p rime objective of Manifest Destiny in the 1850s was A Nicaragua. B Panama. C Hawaii. D Cuba. E the Dominican Republic. 41. The prime objective of Manifest Destiny in the 1850s was A Nicaragua. B Panama. C Hawaii.D Cuba. E the Dominican Republic. 42. Stephen A. Douglass plans for deciding the slavery question in the Kansas-Nebraska scheme required repeal of the A Northwest Ordinance. B Missouri Compromise. C Compromise of 1850. D Fugitive Slave Act. E Wilmot Proviso. 43. One of Stephen Douglass mis take for granteds in proposing the Kansas-Nebraska Act was A allowing slavery to spread into new territory. B underestimating the depth of northern opposition to the spread of slavery. C believing that slavery could not survive in Kansas. D overestimating the protest to the bill. E not securing the transcontinental railroad line for the North. 44. The clash between Preston S. Brooks and Charles Sumner revealed A the division between the House and the Senate over slavery. B the occurrence that, despite divisions over slavery, the House of Representatives would unite to expel a member for bad conduct. C the seriousness of political divisions in the North. D the fact that passions over slavery were becoming dangerously inflamed in both North and South. E the importance of prize to northerners. 45. Match each candidate in the 1856 election below with the correct party. ___ A. John C. Fremont ___ B. Millard Fillmore ___ C. Martin Van Buren ___ D. throng Buchanan 1. Democratic 2. Republican 3. Know-Nothing A A-2, B-3, D-1 B A-3, C-1, D-2 C A-1, B-3, C-2 D B-1, C-2, D-3 E A-2, B-3, C-1 46. In ruling on the Dred Scott case, the United States Supreme Court A held that slaveowners could not take slaves into free territories.B expected to lay to rest the issue of slavery in the territories. C hoped to stimulate further debate on the slavery issue. D supported the concept of popular sovereignty. E reunited the Democratic party. 47. The political career of Abraham Lincoln could vanquish be described as A marred by early political opportunism. B transgress by the Kansas-Nebraska Act. C hurt by his marriage. D characterized by a rapid rise to power. E slow to get off the ground. 48. As a result of the Lincoln-Douglas debates, A Lincolns national stature was diminished. B Lincoln was elected to the Senate. C Douglas defeated Lincoln for the Senate. D Illinois spurned the concept of popular sovereignty.E Douglas increased his chances of winning the presidency. 49. Match each presidential candidate in the 1860 election below with his partys position on the slavery question. ___ A. Abraham Lincoln ___ B. Stephen Douglas ___ C. John Breckenridge ___ D. John cost 1. xtend slavery into the territories 2. ban slavery from the territories 3. preserve the Union by compromise 4. enforce popular sovereignty A A-3, B-2, C-1, D-4 B A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2 C A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3 D A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1 E A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3 50. When Abraham Lincoln won the 1860 presidential elec tion, people in South Carolina A waited to see how other southern states would act. B vowed to give their loyalty to Stephen Douglas. C were very upset because they would have to secede from the Union. D rejoiced because it gave them an excuse to secede. E none of these.

Conflient

In the text, the authors state, collusion occurs when two or more than peck agree subconsciously to ignore or deny any(prenominal) existing state of personal business or website (p. 44). This is somewhat diverse than a nonher definition of collusion from the investments industry (whither collusion signifies insider commerce between crock upies, which is illegal and immoral). In our battle definition of collusion, we be signifying a state of aff commits whither population do non recognize a reality that is readily app bent to other plenty.This wad regaining an unlimited amount of forms. For example, in a family setting, the larger family whitethorn subconsciously agree to avoid discussing or helping another family member with a substance ab enjoyment problem. In a workplace setting, a top-performing employee whitethorn confine an infectiously proscribe attitude and regularly degrade co-workers through verbal aggressiveness. In these scenarios, the reality that is obvious is over tonused beca accustom it is either perceived as easier to ignore the real problem or because of power or status unfreezes.When collusion occurs, a date (which whitethorn have begun as a relatively minor issue) can grow into a life of its own. The conflict then becomes part of a persons identity and is continued subconsciously to benefit that identity. So for instance, the negative and verbally aggressive co-worker may develop some type of accepted identity. For example, multitude may suppose, oh, that is Pat just organism Pat. This type of identity is then used to hide by the problem that is subconsciously avoided. QUESTION 2 Staw, Sandelands, and Duttons threat-rigidity cycle is explored in the text on pp. 6-70. The cycle work in this order. First, when individuals feel threatened, they experience and increase in stress and anxiety. Second, this increased stress and anxiety fosters steamy re take onions like fear, anger, and physiological arousal. Third, the se emotional reactions result in restricted information processing (i. e. , an inability to purview the slip at hand in a composed manner) and constriction of behavior (i. e. , we ar unable to process a full range of appropriate behaviors mentally due to our emotions taking over).As we discussed in Chapter 2, we are essentially flooded with emotion, often leading to some type of knee-jerk reaction that in turn leads us to rely on our hastily made (and often incorrect) ascriptions. Now, the threat-rigidity cycle can take two divergent routes. First, if habitual chemical reactions (e. g. , verbally attacking the other person, avoiding the situation, st whizzwalling in silence, etc. ) do happen to be appropriate, the results will be positive and we are more prone to rely on this habitual response in the future.Conversely, if the habitual response is inappropriate, the situation will consequently worsen and the scholarship of threat, stress, and anxiety cycles game all over aga in (i. e. , we return to the first stage, thus the cycle). Because the threat-rigidity cycle underscores our tendency to excise back on habitual responses and attri besidesions when confronted with a threatening situation we do consider these as deft incapacities ( chitchat pp. 68-69). Trained incapacities are important because we become so head trained (subconsciously) in our knee-jerk reactions that we believe we apprehend what is coming next in the conflict.Human beings famously believe that we can predict others behavior, but in reality, we are really bad at it. So what happens is that we become blind to the nuances of a particular conflict situation (often due to the emotional flooding cited above) and then rely on our standard reaction (i. e. , our trained incapacity) that we mount it whenever we are upset. This makes trained incapacities hard to detect, and in turn makes trained incapacities a very important scene of behavior to understand, both for ourselves and for others. QUESTION 3The confrontation episodes theory outlined on pp. 29-31 is a good have in umpteen situations for us to go through a sense making process regarding conflicts. Of course, if it was fail-proof, we wouldnt need the rest of this course. The theory, in general, explores co-created rules of conduct that are implied in relationships (i. e. , our generally agreed upon rules of engagement). My consent here is that you are able to frame a conflict that you have had in a pregnant course with this guide. Naturally, it will be enlightening for many of you or give you a new perspective.Conversely, it may already inform some of you as to what you already know or may serve as reinforcement that you did things right in a conflict. I wont rehash the terms that were in the guide in all(prenominal) step, but I do want to acknowledge the vital magnificence of intelligence the options we are left with at the end. First, reaffirmation is a good outcome because the parties reaffi rm importance of rule being uncertaintyed (but as a side note, may simply do this to avoid conflicts. On the other hand, an outcome with no resolution leads us toward a path where conflict is continued and may expand.Legislation and reaffirmation may serve as the two most positive outcomes, in my estimation. I say this because in legislation, parties rework or reinterpret the rule in question, coming to a shared, agreed upon mean for the rule. Also, in reaffirmation the parties reaffirm importance of rule that is being challenged. This then provides a clear understanding (hopefully) of what that rule entails. This is a classic example of why conflict is often good, as it serves as an probability to clear the pipeline close to simple misunderstandings that can fester into giant problems rapidly. QUESTION 4Central to this question are attribution processes my overall goal with this question was to see how well you could explain the interactions of these processes as they relate t o conflict. Overall, these processes include how dispositional or situational factors are used by people to draw conclusions about their own behaviors and the behaviors of others, the fundamental attribution error, and the self-seeking bias (beginning on p. 61 through the middle of p. 62). Then, beginning at the bottom of p. 62, Sillars notes that attributions bias conflict in at least three major ways.First, due to the self-serving bias, people are more likely to attribute negative effects of conflict to partners rather than to themselves. This heightens resentment of others as negative effects increase, leading to distributive strategies that are damaging to conflicts. Second, again because of the use of a self-serving bias, people often think they use integrative strategies while others use distributive or avoidance tactics. This leads people to believe they are doing more to resolve the conflict than others are, while this may not actually be true in reality.Third, the fundame ntal attribution error heightens conflict by encouraging people to see others behavior as planned and intentional (negative attribute) and their own behavior as driven by the situation at hand (positive attribute). In short, we believe act socially desirable in conflict and others act in more negative ways, based on these attribution concepts. It is also vital to note that the self-serving bias and fundamental attribution error are impacted by perceptions of other peoples gender, ethnicity, or other demographic traits and that these two elements are also evident in our relationships with people we already know well (i. . , like the adage that suggests people are often well informed and well biased). Lastly, on p. 64, the authors summarize three propositions in this area of research regarding conflict (1) people convey conflict strategies based on the attributions they make regarding the cause of the conflict, (2) biases in attribution processes tend to lead to noncooperative modes of conflict, and (3) the quality of conflict strategies influences the likelihood of conflict resolution and the degree of satisfaction with the overall relationship.The correct answer here is really more of a judgment of how well I felt you described the associated concepts and sustainings above more so than a judgment of whether or not distributively and every piece of information above was provided in your response. QUESTION 5 This response is fairly cut-and-dried, if you will. The procedure I was looking at here is in Exhibit 4. 1 (pp. 128-131). In your response, I was hoping to see a full give-and-take each of the 5 questions as they related to your example than a quick rundown of the selections you made.The answer to each question then guides you along the model, ultimately leading to a recommended or prescribed conflict style. So in reality, this response had dozens of correct responses based on where the style selection tree led you to. Lastly, I was looking for you to e valuate the quality of the style (or styles for some of you) that you were guided to in your example. Would it have worked out in your estimation? Did you try that style (without knowing this information, of course)? QUESTION 6After a fairly thorough discussion of conflict styles in Chapter 4 of the text, the authors describe pairings of conflict styles and how they interact with one another (section 4. 5 on pp. 123-124). They noted, that some conflict style pairings are crooked mannequins that did not match each other, such as a demand (compete) / withdraw (avoidance) pattern, a supervisor / subordinate pattern at work, or a competing / collaborating pattern (which interestingly has great potential to work well together).While at first many of these styles see insalubrious, leading us to believe they are unstable, some are actually quite stable in the short term (e. g. , one dominant role/one submissive role). Although it is noted that these roles may not always be stable in lon g run due to unhappiness among the submissive individual. Likewise, examples of asymmetrical patterns were also noted, which we often believe are stable because of agreement among the individuals.For instance, a relationship often has two avoiders that facilitate conflict denial/collusion, two collaborators that are more productive, but are not perfect, or two competers that often reinforce a cycle of escalating conflict or reach a stalemate. What we can see from both symmetrical and asymmetrical patterns is that both types of patterns can be either healthy or unhealthy based on the context in which they occur or the type of pattern being used in other words, the pairing of styles is not a way to determine the health of a relationship.Symmetrical patterns of two competers may be great as workout partners, but bad as amatory partners. As many of us know, a competer and an avoider often work poorly because of the attack/withdrawal pattern, but a competer and a collaborator may work out wonderfully because the book notes how competers (that openly air out concerns) give collaborators tools to work with to find a win/win solution in many cases. QUESTION 7 This final question provided an applied conflict management scenario that revolved around the use of re human body/issue framing tactics in the textbook (p. 9 through p. 92). Just to be clear, the discussion of framing in Ch. 2 (pp. 57-59) is secondary for this question and was not the intended area of focus. In other words, I am seeking explicit reframing/issue framing tactics that would help to resolve the issue at hand (pp. 91-92). That is not to say the definition and discussion of framing in Ch. 2 is not important in fact it is vital to acknowledge that conflict frames are a cognitive organise based on previous experience, which guides our interpretation of an interaction or event (p. 57).So in other words, framing provides the perceptual framework for how we view the conflict itself and the people involv ed. This is precisely why I created two groups of people in this fictional question that are affiliated with very different organizational in-groups so it is anticipate that the controller and gross revenue person will have very (or use) different frames, based on what is happening. So this creates a scenario where we must reframe to be able to get anywhere in a conflict setting, other we will constantly run into the issue of two people working in two different frames.Reframing/issue framing tactics are then a part of a dance (p. 90 top). Because each reframing/issue framing tactic will likely produce a different outcome, on that point is more than one right answer here. To be clearer, a correct answer here is one that explains a reframing/issue framing tactic and reasonably explains why that tactic would make sense to use to manage the conflict in the hypothetical scenario. With that being said, here a few thoughts that I had regarding each reframing approach.Umbrellas This ap proach would seem to work poorly here, as the sales staff member already believes the accountant is using this tactic (i. e. , sales person believes the accountant is jealous and is using this petty thing to air jealousy) Issue Expansion This is an interesting approach overall it is high-risk, high-reward in disposition. Given the status of the growing in-group nature of the conflict, I would think the issue expansion approach may actually serve to drive a deeper wedge between the sales staff and the accounting department.I am open to different interpretations, but this appears to be the most likely outcome. Negative Inquiry This may provide some traction toward conflict resolution. For example, if the sales staff member is convinced the accountant is jealous of their success, perhaps they need to expand on that thought as it is very vague. Also, it could be asked why the sales staff avoided phone and email communication. It may have simply been a case of having a viable excuse for not replying rapidly, sort of of the accounting departments perception of ignorance/avoidance.Likewise, the sales staff could ask why did you call out someone in a face-damaging way? The answers here may get the two groups and the two main conflict parties on the right path. Fogging On one hand, fogging may be dysfunctional as it opens up the door for avoidance issues. However, it also may create a situation where the two parties and the two in-groups can simply work towards the issues that relate to caller-up policy here. Conflict is rarely forgotten, but if the accounting department and sales staff find a way to change the protocol to allow for a smooth work environment, time may heal some of the wounds.Fractionation Although more than one approach can be right here, as I care more about the way you apply a solution to the problem, fractionation jumps out as the most helpful tactic at first glance. Here, both the accountant and the sales person (or their unblemished department s) may be able to break down the larger issues into fractioned pieces to address individually. So this means instead of looking at the big issue (inter-group conflict between sales staff and accounting department), the parties would look at each component.One thing the book does not mention, and this is generally true of all textbook conflict resolution tactics, is that fractionation would probably be very time consuming (especially if you are talking about long-standing, deeply ingrained conflicts). However, this is sometimes the only way to put conflicts to rest which is something that should be very appealing for two departments in an organization that really need to cooperate with each other. The long term gains would seem to outweigh the short-term productivity losses.

Information Literacy for Open Distance Learners Essay

Children must be taught how to think, not what to think. Marg art Mead. In this nimble moving manhood development is has become an essential things in human life. And today the technology has evolved so more that development is just a touch away. Narrowing down the technology development to the didactics at once, the students face challenges due to the movement of the technology and communication. The competition has become closer whereby they deficiency to prove themselves to the valet de chambre especially the distance learners. To ensure they ar doing so, the study skills and culture literacy applied thorough out their education is essential.Study skills are the abilities that are substance abused by students for encyclopaedism. It go away help the student to identify their impuissance and to brush up on the weakness so as to progress on their learning. Being say so first the students expect to identify the study skills to be applied which will be discussed nurtur e below. On the other hand, information literacy as well a crucial point for this 21st century. Broadly defined, information literacy is a set of abilities whereby person recognizes when information is needed and how to reach out to the information. This has become important since nowadays there are abundance of information choices print, image, sound and spatial. It is exactly the opposite of lack of information unrivaled having too much information.The pitfalls and the current information environment by students has been clearly described by Lorie Roth With the flare-up of information generated and stored, the unregulated sprawl of the earnings, the shift from a print- to an image-based culture, the development of sound and video archives, and the ease of obviously infinite reproduction of words and pictures through electronic media, the pitfalls for college students have multiplied geometrically. in that respect is so much information, so much of it of doubtful quality, s o accessible through so many different platforms (Roth, 1999, p. 42).2.0 Skills indispens commensuratei. Management SkillsProspective graduates must possess reign overment skills. Through these skills, employers will assess whether the graduate is adequate to arrange something that will be entrusted to him. In fact, the employer will also ensure that graduates are qualified to e rattling do the work efficiently and productively, to guarantee the quality of work as well as at the desired level. In these management skills, very important thing also is while management. The ability to manage well, especially in deciding to do the work that needs to be smashn priority and localise should be resolved over time will also be taken into account by the employer. Good management skills are a bonus for an organization that not only have employees who are able and efficient indoing their date, still also to guarantee the production of quality work, but is open(a) of satisfying custom ers.ii. tuition Technology SkillInformation technology (IT) has changed the way we work (economic aspects), communication (social aspects), and thinking (psychological aspects). Although Malaysia has not yet reached the status of information society, we are already feeling the heat and turbulence of the Information Age. We burn downnot assure the technology with the push of a computer button. We need to have the skills to access the information. Information literacy is a skill to do much(prenominal) things as identify and locate sources of information from reliable sources. After that, we need to assess the quality and organizing information correctly and to use that information effectively. One should understand the nature of information on various subjects or disciplines. Awareness of the existence of various types of audience sources and uses must be known.There are some good study skills and information literacy skill is to be learned by students in holy recite to succee d in education. Those are time management skills and managing real tasks and responsibilities that the extent of distance learning students stack use these skills to be discussed in class and team learning. And the third is the skill of Information and dialogue Technology (ICT) in line with current technology, distance education students have mastered the skills to learn 1 by one through ICT. And the last is the skill of making reference to expand knowledge in a cross subject.iii. Leadership SkillsIn addition, leadership skills are also needed by in store(predicate) graduates. The success of a business or a rise and fall is based on leadership. This criterion is also very important to be dominated by undergraduates, as one of the few important skills to master. While future graduates will not continue to hold the highest office when venturing in the field ofemployment, but they have shown strength as a leader, which locoweed carry a given, next perform the task because of it s leadership will be evaluated by the employer. They should also be able to demonstrate the potential to motivate and give gallery to a colleague who will be working with them soon. What is most important in this is the attitude of the leadership, graduates will need to know about the next assignment received perform assigned tasks, judge assignment deadlines and show leadership by giving good theoretical accounts to others or other colleagues. Leadership skills have rattling nurtured while studying at the university among prospective graduates, either directly or indirectly.iv. Manipulating Information SkillsManipulating information is one aspect of the main skills. In this case, students are not only able to identify the information to be sought after, but also able to collect, manage and manipulate the information so that the information can be used to meet the needs of learning. These skills must be mastered students so that students can entertain additional information on t heir studies. This is because students can not solely rely on the information offer upd by teachers. When students master the skills of information, meaning that students were able to identify learning resources, methods and techniques to prevail the information either through reference books, reference dictionary or reference through internet sources.Finally, learn how to master the skills either with or without the presence of the teacher, students are able to maximize efforts and optimize the acquisition of knowledge. At the same time, the acquisition of skills can help students learn how to use time effectively. Not only are students able to identify weaknesses and strengths in their own learning process and try to resolve it, but more importantly the students are able to require effective independent learning appropriate to emphasize aspects of lifelong learning by the Ministry of Education.v. aggroup working skillsAnd skills that must be mastered by graduates and employers is desired Teamwork Skills. Competition is happening in the world chore market among prospective graduates who have graduated over the years, resulting in many students who are heavy to get a job. Should the prospective graduates should use the situation to try to collect as many of the skills that should be used after the expiration learn later. Teamwork skills are different than individual work. Teamwork is required, working with more people, but in a group. Commitment is required in teamwork. One has to show he is a fraud in the team, as well as able and capable to manage and be representative of the responsibilities assigned.In addition, working in a team also demanded that someone be able and be able to build positive relationships with colleagues, as well as to help achieve the goals and objectives of the work undertaken, but also can improve the quality of work. Furthermore, the problems in employment impacts of each process are complex in nature and will involve a number of parts and systems. So logically, problem solving such(prenominal)(prenominal) cases is beyond the ability of the individual. Therefore, it is important for graduates to be able to master the skills of teamwork, so that they can do the job if asked to manage a business group. Disclosure provided or learned in the line of business of practical sessions should be used by undergraduates, for this practical session they will be exposed to the live on of teamwork and building relationships with others, the colleague.vi. Managing tryOnline courses may not necessarily increase or reduce your try just because it is delivered online. We must gestate our own sources of education-related stress when choosing to take online course. Online course might be suitable for those feel high stress from giving in-class presentations, where it can save them from the stress. stock-still if using lap top and related technology makes you experience excessive stress, students might need to reconside r taking a course online, since most online courses rely totally on computer technology. Some strategies for managing course-related stress includeKnowing the deadlineStudents need to know their course deadlines and also other important events occurring elsewhere in their life while you are enrolled in the course. Plan ahead.The students need to plan and do their course related activities ahead if they foresee their time being consumed by non course activity.With the technological resources, students should ask for help resources, and have them at hand when you are working on your coursework. ever so keep in touch with their instructor. If at all they fall behind, should work together with the instructor to get back on track.vii. Balancing Responsibilities and Setting PrioritiesFor successful online learning experience one has to able to sense of equilibrium the responsibility. Setting priority is the best benefit from online education. The students have to find out what is expec ted from them at the starting of the course and plan ahead. Certainly one will have more things to fulfill than they have the time to complete them. During this time students need to determine which course activity is important and focus on those. They should not hesitate to ask for advice from their instructor.viii. Using Search EnginesEven though library and catalogue can provide direction and access to scholarly information, the Web itself is a storehouse for billions of documents. For reasons outlined below, one needs to pick up into information in books and journals first since they go through quality control measures before they are published. However the can also reveal thousands of potentially useful information thats related to the research.oHhhhesdkkmHO3.0 SuggestionsBased on the skills needed by future graduates as found above, it is necessary for the future graduates themselves, with existing initiatives, in set up to increase the equipment inside have those skills. I n addition, the parties responsible as government bodies and educational institutions, lowor high to take steps and initiatives in order to prepare future graduates to face the challenges of globalization to argue career search, even comparable to the skilled manpower there are out there as well as expressed by other universities. Generally, prospective graduates and responsible parties should emphasize mastery squashy skills among student, because this skill is the inclusion of aspects of generic skills, the skills that are indispensable aspect in the globalized world of work. Compensation should be for future graduates to assess and meet the needs of an increasingly demanding job market. Furthermore, the technology changes at this time are very fast.Firstly, to carry out the plan of study that requires a schedule that is constantly reviewing and maintaining the schedule to surveil in implementing the planning sorted by priority and keep a checklist of completed and outstanding tasks, for example in the information technology era high at the present time there are many options to make a study schedule effective as using a insolent phone now has an application Android to schedule a lesson in the mobile phones of students, so students can create a memorial for the study of the set so much time in order to have students study schedule on the phone. Next, not all distance education students proficient in the use of ICT computer, internet portals and institutions. Therefore, students can pursue distance learning courses in ICT for control over the use of ICT. Most of these courses are always offered and can also learn on your own in the Internet network or buy the book for self-study.And the last suggestion is, not all students can master the skill of making a very important reference in learning, the intention is that the institution should give awareness to students of distance learning and briefed the importance of study skills are the skills which make ref erence to the success of a distance learning student said.ConclusionAll the above mentioned skills are important for online learners. It will make the online learning effective. Early preparation is important and alsoactive participation in online learning such as forum. In general online learning needs the use if latest technology in order for the students to complete their studies. There are certain difficulties faced by students in using the technology such as virus, technical issues, internet traffic and henceforth. Therefore, the online learners do have the freedom to arrange their study by their own and which method to follow. This requires them to have all the skills that is stated above for them to continue the studies and achieve their goals. (Words 2166)ReferencesAvailable Online http//www.educause.edu/ero/ condition/how-students-develop-online-learning-skills Available Online http//www.ucc.vt.edu/academic_support_students/online_study_skills_workshops/ Available Online http//www.usnews.com/education/online-education/articles/2012/01/13/4-time-management-tips-for-online-studentsAvailable Online http//www.military.com/education/keys-to-success/study-skills-for-the-online-adult-learner.html